When did Evo Morales become president of Bolivia? There was lots of evidence that Saddam was systematically violating many Iraqi human rights. What form a WTO agreement might take is unclear though presumably it would address standards that are sufficiently weak to permit cross-border environmental damages (Esty, 1994). The increased awareness of health and safety has driven governments to introduce a variety of product stan-dards. Name the top three countries with the highest HDI. 3. How has the WTO tried to tackle environmental problems? What is the definition of Gross Domestic Product? 21) The WTO's intervention against clean air standards A) has earned it universal approval. C. The WTO's stance on environmental protection supports protectionist trade policy. What percentage of rural people in Algeria lack access to safe sanitation? Prior to the First World War, the state largely played a ‘nightwatchman’ role, providing basic functions such as defence and law and order (Helm, 1986). 7.4. 1. What three pieces of data does The Human Development Index use? Why did the US want to remove Saddam Hussein? What is the main critique against the WTO with respect to environmental protection? 1994, Preamble to the Marrakesh Agreement establishing the WTO Establishes the objective of Sustainable Development in the WTO. What is the average life expectancy for men in The Torres Strait Islanders in Australia? What three pieces of data does The Human Development Index not take into consideration? What percentage did Algeria's GDP per capita increase by? Renationalised Bolivia's oil and gas industries. Name the top three countries with the highest GDP. What does the Happy Planet Index measure? What is the life expectancy in Zimbabwe for women? What has the IMF shifted its attention to? What is the average life expectancy in South East England ? Name three pieces of research the OCED found. What percentage did the vaccination program reduce infant mortality by? Name the two types of military intervention. What did professor Hans Rosling say about countries that developed quickly? How much would someone who has worked in France for 40 years get when they retire? What year did the Australian government launch the Close The Gap Initiative? XX) were completed. Introduction Through its goals, rules, institutions and forward-looking agenda, the WTO provides an important means of advancing international environmental goals. The key. What are the Millennium Development Goals? Under the GATT (1948–94), six panel proceedings involving an examination of environmental measures or human health-related measures under GATT Article 20 (i.e. These include measures enacted to ensure product safety and sanitary standards. The monetary value of all goods and services produced by a country in a year. What factors does The Human Development Index take into consideration? Name three reasons for the lack of military action in Zimbabwe. Combines well-being and environmental factors. In 2014 what percentage of the governments budget in Zimbabwe was allocated to government salaries? It doesn't do enough to impose tougher environmental standards on developing countries. An often-heard accusation is that the WTO system treats trade as the priority, at the expense of environmental and humanitarian objectives. The extent to which countries deliver long, happy and sustainable lives. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=406020 There is no work on thissubjec… Name three reasons for the lack of military action in Zimbabwe. What percentage of children aged 5-14 are forced to work in DRC? Why are Haiti's is governmental system is weak? III. However, government involvement in the economy has climbed to record highs in recent years, with the … Many recent rulings by the WTO have been aimed at removing non-tariff barriers, in particular health and environmental standards on imports, claiming that these represent unfair trade barriers. experienced well-being x life expectancy / ecological footprint. What percentage of oil contributes to the earnings of the royal elite? What percentage of women are tobacco farmers in Zimbabwe? In what year did East Timor finally become independent? WTO members can adopt trade-related measures to protect the environment and human health and life as long as such measures comply with GATT rules, or fall under the exceptions to these rules. However, at least in the short- to medium-term, environmental policy and economic growth are often portrayed as being in conflict with one another. How did the International organisations help in the Ebola cases? Water originating as precipitation on land that runs off land into rivers, streams, and lakes, eventually reaching the ocean or evaporating, Changes in environmental risks that happen as consequence of economic development in less developed regions of the world, Ever-changing interrelationships among set of variables that influence the demographic makeup of populations as well as the variables that influence the growth and decline of population sizes, How many births a woman would have by the end of her reproductive life, Public health improvements, famine control, and increased availability of drugs, Alteration over time in a population's fertility, mortality, and makeup, Shift in patter of morbidity and mortality from causes related primarily to infections and communicable diseases to causes associated with chronic, degenerative diseases, Effects of Rapid Growth on World Population, Urbanized area that has 10 million or more inhabitants, Population that an area will support without undergoing environmental deterioration, Situation in which supplies of wholesome foods are uncertain or may have limited availability, Different types and variability of animal and plant species and ecosystems in which they live; essential dimension of human health, Complex of physical, chemical, and biotic factors, Influences upon the individual that arise from societal and cultural factors, Model that describes aspects of health; proposes the determinants of health interact and are interlinked over the life course of individuals, Important dimensions of life in biosphere, Comprises aspects of human health, including quality of life, are determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychosocial factors in environment, Father of medicine; emphasized role of environment influencing human health, Yellow bile, black bile, phlegm, and blood, Responsible for control of hazards that might affect workers/the community, Responsible for monitoring and enforcing government regulations for environmental qulity, Involved with cleanliness and safety of foods and beverages consumed by public, Responsible for enforcement of public health laws, sanitary codes, and other regulations related to spread disease by vectors, Conduct basic research on risks associated with exposures to certain specific hazards and conduct statistical analyses of impact of exposures, Occupational Health Physician/ Occupational Health Nurse, Involved with prevention and treatment of occuptionally related illnesses and injuries, Provide input to government agencies, assist in formulation of environmental policies, and may be involve, Study of distribution and determinant of health and diseases, morbidity, injuries, disability and mortality in populations, Relationship of observed outcomes in population to varying levels of a protective or harmful agents such as a form of medication or and environmental contaminant, Dioxin-like chemicals that comprise extensive class of organochlorines, Refers to depiction of occurrence of disease in populations according to classification by person, place, and time variables, Examines casual hypotheses regarding the association between exposures and health conditions, Naturally occurring circumstances in which subsets of the population have different levels of exposure to a supposed casual factor, in a situation resembling an actual experiment where human subjects would be randomly allocated to groups, Number of existing cases of disease, health condition, or deaths in population at some designated time, Occurrence of new disease or mortality within defined period of observation in specified population, Members of population capable of developing disease or condition, Rate formed by dividing number of new cases that occur during a time period by number of individuals in the population, Measure of lethality of disease; number of deaths due to specific disease within a specified time period divided by number of cases of disease during the same time period multiplied by 100, English anesthesiologist in London that linked cholera outbreak in London to contaminated water from Thames River, Investigation involving intentional change in some aspect of status of the subjects, Manipulation of exposure variable, subjects are not randomly allocated to study new conditions, Information about patients who share a disease in common is gathered over time, One that examines relationship between disease and other variables of interest as they exist in a defined population at one particular time, Study in which the units of analysis are populations or groups of people, rather than individuals, Subjects who participate in study are defined on basis of presence or absence of an outcome of interest, Measure of association between exposure and outcome used in case-control studies, Design that classifies subjects according to their exposure to a factor of interest and then observes them over time, Measure of association used in cohort studies, Domain in which disease-causing agents may exist, survive, originate, Person or other living animal, including birds and arthropods, that affords subsistence or lodgement to an infectious agent under natural condition, Factor whose presence, excessive presence, or relative absence is essential for the occurrence of disease, Fact that cases may remember an exposure more clearly than controls, Distortions that result fro procedures used to selects subjects and from factors that influence participation in the study, Observation that employed populations tend to have lower mortality rates than the general population, Distortion of measure of effect of an exposure with other factors that influence occurrence of outcome, Time interval between initial exposure to a disease-causing agent and appearance of a disease, Proximity and/or contact with source of disease agent in such a manner that effective transmission of the agent or harmful effects may occur, Likelihood of experiencing adverse effect, Inherent capability of an agent or situation to have an adverse effect; factor or exposure that may adversely affect health, Study of adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms, Scientist who has received extensive training in order to investigate in living organiss, Study of how ecological systems are affected by pollutants, Examines association between chemicals and adverse effects upon reproductive system, Researches effects of natural and man-made chemicals on prenatal development, Chemical substances that are foreign to biological system, Toxicity or hazards that are related to exposure to a particular cheical, Defined as any agent capable of producing a deleterious response in biological system, Material or factor that can be harmful to biological systems, Substances originally taken from living organisms, Specific chemicals, such as minerals, that have not been extracted from living organism and does not follow the structure of a toxin derived from living organism, Toxic substance made by living organisms including reptiles, insects, plants, and microorgansims, Amount of substance administered at one tme, Dosage causing death of 50 percent of exposed animals, Lowest does at which particular response may occur, Gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, and skin, Combination of two chemical produces an effect that is eqaul to their individual effects added together, Combined effect of exposures to two or more chemicals is greater than the sum of their individual effects, When one chemical that is not toxic causes another chemcal to become more toxic, Several agents that have no known toxic effects interact to produce a toxic effect, Two chemical administered together interfere with each other's actions or one interferes with action of the other, Immunologically mediated adverse reaction to a chemical resulting from previous sensitization to that chemical or to a structurally similar one, Damage at site where a chemical first comes into contact with the body, Adverse effects associated with generalized distribution of the chemical throughout the body by the bloodstream to internal organs, Some chemicals may confine their effects to specific organs, Time period between initial exposure and a measurable response, Chemical(or substance) that causes or is suspected of causing cancer, Disease associated with unregulated proliferation of cells in the body, Process for identifying adverse consequences and their associated probability, Adoption of steps to eliminate identified risks or lower the to acceptable levels, Examines evidence that associates exposure to an agent with its toxicity and produces a qualitative judgement about the strength of that evidence, Inherent capability of an agent or situation to have an adverse effect, Measurement of relationship between amount of exposure and occurrence of the unwanted health effects, Procedure that identifies populations exposed to toxicant, describes their composition and size, examines the roots, magnitudes, frequencies, and durations of such exposures, Reciprocal exchanges of DNA between pairs of DNA molecuels, Estimates of number of excess unwarranted health events expected at different tie intervals at each level of exposure, Statement by an organization of its intentions and principles in relation to its overall environment, Systems approach; essential for policy development in arena of environemnt, States preventive, anticipatory measures should be taken when an activity raises threats of harm to the environment, wildlife, or human health, Equal treatment of all people in society irrespective of their racial background, country of origin, Philosophical viewpoint that a strong, just, and wealthy society an be consistent with clean environment, healthy ecosystems, and beautiful planet, Polluter should ear expenses of carrying out the pollution prevention and control measures introduced by public authorities in Member countries, to ensure that the environment is in an acceptable state, Distinct phases involved in policy-making process, 1. C) has resulted in much criticism. ing. Borrowing a page from international environmental agreements, such rules could involve outright bans on production or trade of particular pollutants, such as chloroflourocarbons in the Montreal Protocol. Problem definition, formulation, and reformulation, Problem Definition, Formulation, and Reforumulation, Process of defining the problem for which policy actors believe policies are neccessary, Formal adoption of policies, programs, and procedures tat are designed to protect public from environmental hazards, Statements of policy intended to be assessed using info fro a monitoring program, Specific biochemical in body which has particular molecular feature that makes it useful for measuring progress of disease or effects of treatment, Process that reviews potential impact of anthropogenic activities with respect to their general environmental consequences, Method for describing and estimating effects that proposed project or policy may have on the health of a population, Urban areas ad structures constructed by human beings, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, National Institute for Occupation Safety Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Reduce burden of human illness and disability by understanding environmental influences development and progression of human disease, 1970; Regulates air emissions from stationary and mobile sources, 1972; first law to address water polluton, 1974; protects quality of drinking water in US, 1969; established broad national framework for protecting environment, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 1996; provides federal regulation of pesticide distribution, sale and use, 1976; provides EPA with authority to require reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical subsatances and/or mixtures, Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 1980; also known as Superfund or CERCLA; provided funds to clean up uncontrolled or abandoned hazardous-waste sites as well as accidents, pill and other emergency releases of pollutant and contaminant into environment, 1976; gives EPA authority to control hazardous waster from "cradle-to-grave", 1973; provides program for conservation of threatened and endangered plants and animals and habitats where they are found, Total significance of disease for society beyond immediate ost of tretment, Expectation of number of years of life at birth, Number of year of healthy life expected in particular population, 1. However, from the perspective of power and peace, the global level failure to defend basic values and confront genocide and other crimes against humanity undermine the sense and structure of international community. What did the IMF impose into indebted countries? Legal assistance: a Secretariat service The WTO Secretariat has special legal advisers for assisting developing countries in any WTO dispute and for giving them legal counsel. enforcement While there were a total of 196 cases handled by GATT, records show that between 1995 and 2017, the WTO successfully handled about _____ trade disputes. The service is offered by the How is economic development often measured? That is, an increase in economic B. Neighbouring African states like South Africa argued that the president was no threat to global peace. This right has been affirmed by panels and the Appellate Body time and again. What percentage of rural poverty was in Zimbabwe in 2014? “One of the best tools we have against malaria is indoor residual house spraying. What percentage of the populations water is classified as unimproved in DRC? The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Because staff from international aid organisations have taken over many jobs best done by local officials. To strengthen weakening currencies and foster stronger economic development policies. The environmental exposure limits designed to protect against contaminants may be in the form of regulatory standards (e.g., maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for drinking water), action standards (e.g., soil lead levels exceeding 500 ppm), or risk-based standards (e.g., a …